What is the drug classification of hydrochlorothiazide?

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium-chloride cotransporters in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, reducing sodium and water reabsorption. It is a first-line antihypertensive agent used for hypertension and mild edema. In dentistry, thiazide diuretics can cause xerostomia (dry mouth) as a side effect, increasing caries risk. Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) act in the loop of Henle. ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) block angiotensin-converting enzyme and can cause a dry cough.