Biostatistics & Research · single question
A physician wants to demonstrate tooth whitening does NOT cause cancer. What study type is MOST appropriate?
Show answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
An RCT (the intervention is whitening) provides the highest level of evidence to demonstrate whether whitening causes cancer. The PICO intervention is whitening.
- A. ✅ CORRECT – RCT is the gold standard interventional study to assess whitening and cancer relationship.
- B. ❌ Case reports describe individual cases and cannot establish causation.
- C. ❌ Case-control studies look backward from outcome to exposure.
- D. ❌ Cross-sectional studies cannot establish causation.
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