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Pathology · single question

What is TRUE about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in a child born to a social drinker at the university level?

  1. FAS only occurs with heavy, daily alcohol consumption — social drinking cannot cause it
  2. Midface anomalies (flat philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures) can occur even with moderate alcohol exposure
  3. FAS is only associated with intellectual disability, not structural anomalies
  4. Alcohol consumption in the third trimester primarily causes midface anomalies
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Correct answer: B. Midface anomalies (flat philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures) can occur even with moderate alcohol exposure

There is NO safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Even social/moderate drinking can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Classic FAS facial features include: flat philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, and midface hypoplasia. First trimester alcohol exposure (during facial development) is particularly damaging to craniofacial structures. Social drinkers can produce children with FAS features.

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