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Pathology · single question

What is the difference between abrasion and abfraction?

  1. Abfraction is caused by foreign elements (external mechanical agents)
  2. Abrasion occurs only in the cervical area of the tooth
  3. Abfraction occurs only in posterior teeth
  4. Abrasion produces a more flat/dish-shaped lesion
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Correct answer: D. Abrasion produces a more flat/dish-shaped lesion

  • A. INCORRECT. ABRASION is caused by foreign elements (external mechanical agents like toothbrush bristles, abrasive toothpaste). Abfraction is caused by occlusal flexural stress — NOT foreign elements.
  • B. INCORRECT. Abrasion can occur anywhere mechanical wear from external agents acts (cervical, occlusal, etc.); it is not exclusively cervical. Abfraction specifically occurs at the cervical area.
  • C. INCORRECT. Abfraction can occur in both anterior and posterior teeth wherever cervical stress concentration occurs from occlusal loading.
  • D. CORRECT. Abrasion (from external mechanical agents — toothbrush, abrasive foods) creates a broader, flatter, dish-shaped or scooped lesion. Abfraction (from biomechanical stress/flexure at the CEJ) creates a V-shaped or wedge-shaped notch.

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