A 7-year-old presents with bilateral bony swelling of the mandible. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Correct answer: A. Cherubism

• A. Correct. Cherubism is a hereditary condition (autosomal dominant, chromosome 4p16) causing bilateral, symmetric enlargement of the mandible in children, giving a 'cherub' appearance. Classic diagnosis for bilateral jaw swelling in a young child.
• B. Incorrect. Fibrous dysplasia typically presents as unilateral, painless expansion with a ground-glass radiographic appearance.
• C. Incorrect. Burkitt lymphoma is associated with immunocompromised states and has systemic findings — not the classic bilateral symmetric jaw presentation of cherubism.
• D. Incorrect. Central giant cell granuloma is typically unilateral, well-defined, and anterior — not bilateral symmetric swelling.