Biostatistics & Research · single question
Which type of study design represents the highest level of evidence-based dentistry?
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Correct answer: C. Meta-analysis
- A. Case series is near the BOTTOM of the evidence hierarchy — it has no control group and cannot establish causation.
- B. Cohort studies are observational — below randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the evidence hierarchy.
- C. Meta-analysis (and systematic reviews) sit at the TOP of the evidence hierarchy. A meta-analysis pools and statistically analyzes data from multiple independent randomized controlled trials, providing the highest level of evidence by minimizing bias and increasing statistical power. Hierarchy: Meta-analysis > RCT > Cohort > Case-control > Case series > Expert opinion.
- D. Case-control studies are low-to-medium quality evidence — below RCTs and meta-analyses.
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