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Biostatistics & Research · single question

Which statement about the p-value is TRUE?

  1. It represents the probability that results occurred by chance
  2. A p-value of 0.01 is less significant than 0.05
  3. A higher p-value indicates greater statistical significance
  4. If p < 0.05, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. It represents the probability that results occurred by chance

  • A. The p-value is the probability that the observed results (or more extreme results) would occur by chance, assuming the null hypothesis is true. This is the correct definition.
  • B. INCORRECT. p=0.01 is MORE significant than p=0.05.
  • C. INCORRECT. A LOWER p-value indicates greater significance.
  • D. INCORRECT. If p < 0.05, the null hypothesis IS REJECTED (result is statistically significant).

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