Periodontics · single question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the bacterial composition of peri-implantitis and periodontitis?

  1. The bacterial microbiome in peri-implantitis and periodontitis are essentially similar
  2. Peri-implantitis is caused exclusively by gram-positive aerobic bacteria
  3. Periodontitis involves only Streptococcus species
  4. Peri-implantitis involves only fungi and no bacteria
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Correct answer: A. The bacterial microbiome in peri-implantitis and periodontitis are essentially similar

The bacterial microbiome of peri-implantitis (infection around dental implants) closely resembles that of periodontitis (infection around natural teeth). Both conditions are predominantly associated with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia (the 'red complex'), Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia, among others. This similarity suggests that the same pathogenic mechanisms drive both diseases. However, peri-implantitis may also involve additional species not typically found in periodontitis, and the subgingival microbiome may differ in composition ratios.

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