Which of the following is a recognized weakness of cross-sectional studies?

Correct answer: D. Potential for response/recall bias

• A. Cross-sectional studies are relatively inexpensive (a snapshot).
• B. They are generally easy to administer (surveys at one time point).
• C. They are fast precisely because they measure exposure and outcome simultaneously.
• D. Correct. Because exposure and outcome are measured at one moment via self-report, they are prone to response/recall bias and cannot establish temporality/causation.