Which of the following does NOT affect periodontal condition?

Correct answer: C. Caries risk

• A. INCORRECT — Carbohydrate intake provides substrate for cariogenic and periodontal bacteria, and diet-related inflammation can worsen periodontal condition.
• B. INCORRECT — Home care (brushing, flossing) is a primary determinant of periodontal health by controlling supragingival plaque.
• C. CORRECT (EXCEPTION) — Caries risk per se is NOT a direct modifier of periodontal condition. Caries and periodontal disease share risk factors (poor hygiene, diet) but caries susceptibility itself does not directly affect periodontal health. Note: this answer is debated as caries and periodontitis share microbiological overlaps.
• D. INCORRECT — Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for periodontitis, impairing immune response and wound healing.