Micro & Immunology · single question
Anti-HBs (antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen) is POSITIVE. What does this mean?
Show answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Immune due to natural infection OR immune due to vaccination
✓ C) Anti-HBs positive = immune status (natural infection or vaccination).
HBV serological markers: HBsAg (+) = active infection (acute or chronic); Anti-HBs (+) = IMMUNITY (vaccination: ONLY anti-HBs; past infection: anti-HBs + anti-HBc); Anti-HBc IgM (+) = acute infection; HBeAg (+) = high replication, highly infectious; Anti-HBe (+) = low replication. Vaccination: Only anti-HBs becomes positive. Past natural infection: both anti-HBs and anti-HBc (IgG) positive. Anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL = protective. Dental workers should be tested post-vaccination to confirm immunity.
HBV serological markers: HBsAg (+) = active infection (acute or chronic); Anti-HBs (+) = IMMUNITY (vaccination: ONLY anti-HBs; past infection: anti-HBs + anti-HBc); Anti-HBc IgM (+) = acute infection; HBeAg (+) = high replication, highly infectious; Anti-HBe (+) = low replication. Vaccination: Only anti-HBs becomes positive. Past natural infection: both anti-HBs and anti-HBc (IgG) positive. Anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL = protective. Dental workers should be tested post-vaccination to confirm immunity.
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