An 11-year-old bilingual (English/Spanish) patient attends with her Spanish-only-speaking mother for orthodontic care. The dentist's legal/ethical obligation is to:

Correct answer: B. Hire a certified medical interpreter for her mother

• A. Using a minor (or family member) as interpreter is discouraged — risks inaccuracy and breaches confidentiality/consent standards.
• B. Correct. The standard is to provide a qualified/certified medical interpreter to ensure accurate informed consent.
• C. An ad-hoc bilingual staff member is not equivalent to a certified interpreter for consent.
• D. English-only consent fails the duty to ensure comprehension.