A researcher evaluates impression accuracy comparing conventional vs. digital radiography techniques. The accuracy is evaluated according to finishing line type, location, and preparation depth. What is the DEPENDENT variable?

Correct answer: B. Impression accuracy

• A. Type of finishing line is an INDEPENDENT variable — it is one of the factors the researcher manipulates to see its effect on impression accuracy.
• B. The DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the OUTCOME being measured — the variable that DEPENDS on the independent variables. In this study, IMPRESSION ACCURACY is what is being measured (the outcome). The independent variables are the type of finishing line, location of finish line, and preparation depth (these are what the researcher manipulates or classifies to see their EFFECT on impression accuracy).
• C. Preparation depth is an INDEPENDENT variable.
• D. Finishing line location is an INDEPENDENT variable.