Biostatistics & Research · single question

A p-value of 0.04 is found for the difference in plaque reduction between two treatments. Which statement is correct?

  1. The result is statistically significant
  2. The result is statistically significant due to chance
  3. The result is not statistically significant and likely due to chance
  4. The p-value indicates the effect size of the treatment
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. The result is statistically significant

  • A. CORRECT. A p-value of 0.04 is below 0.05, so the result is statistically significant and unlikely to be due to chance alone.
  • B. INCORRECT. This is contradictory. A statistically significant result means it is unlikely to be due to chance.
  • C. INCORRECT. At p = 0.04 the result is significant, so this is false.
  • D. INCORRECT. The p-value measures statistical significance, not the size of the effect.

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