Pathology · single question

A patient presents with a purple-colored oral lesion. Clinical examination reveals no amalgam restorations on surrounding teeth and no visible foreign body. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. Vascular lesion (hemangioma or varix)
  2. Amalgam tattoo
  3. Melanotic macule
  4. Kaposi sarcoma
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Correct answer: A. Vascular lesion (hemangioma or varix)

A purple oral lesion in the absence of amalgam or other foreign body is most consistent with a vascular lesion, such as a hemangioma or oral varix. Hemangiomas appear as bluish-purple, soft, compressible lesions that blanch on diascopy (pressure with a glass slide). An oral varix is a dilated vein, commonly seen on the ventral tongue or buccal mucosa in older patients. Amalgam tattoos are gray-blue-black macules directly associated with amalgam restoration or instrument contamination. Melanotic macules are brown to dark brown. While Kaposi sarcoma also presents as a purple lesion, it is associated with immunosuppression (HIV) and its distribution is more specific. The absence of amalgam makes amalgam tattoo unlikely.

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