Endodontics · single question

A patient presents with a fractured anterior tooth where only the enamel is involved — no dentin or pulp is exposed, and the tooth is not sensitive. What is the Ellis classification for this fracture?

  1. Ellis Class I
  2. Ellis Class II
  3. Ellis Class III
  4. Ellis Class IV
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Correct answer: A. Ellis Class I

The Ellis classification categorizes crown fractures by depth of tissue involvement: Ellis Class I — fracture limited to enamel only; no dentin exposure; tooth usually not sensitive; cosmetic concern only. Ellis Class II — fracture involves enamel and dentin (yellow dentin visible); tooth is sensitive to air and temperature; pulp is not exposed. Ellis Class III — fracture involves enamel, dentin, AND pulp (pink/red pulp visible, may bleed); requires immediate endodontic management. Ellis Class IV — fracture of root with or without crown involvement. Class I fractures require only smoothing of sharp edges and elective cosmetic restoration.

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