A patient is scheduled for surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar (#17). Which of the following risks should be included in the informed consent discussion?

Informed consent for surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar must include all reasonably foreseeable risks: (a) damage to adjacent teeth — instruments or the extraction process can damage the distal surface of the second molar; (b) delayed wound healing — third molar extractions have a higher rate of alveolar osteitis (dry socket); (c) nerve paresthesia — the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve are at risk of injury, causing temporary or permanent numbness; and (d) bleeding, infection, and trismus. All options listed are legitimate informed consent risks for this procedure.