A panoramic radiograph shows a complete permanent dentition with second molars erupted and third molars in early crown formation, with apices of the second molars still open. What is the MOST likely age?

Correct answer: C. 12–14 years

• A. At 9–12 years the patient is in the late mixed dentition, with primary canines and molars still present and premolars erupting.
• B. By 16–18 years the second molar apices are closed and third molar ROOTS are forming.
• C. CORRECT. Permanent second molars ERUPT at approximately 12 years, with their root apices closing around 14–15. Third molar CROWNS are calcifying in the ramus during this window, with root formation not beginning until roughly 16. A panoramic image showing fully erupted second molars with incomplete apices plus developing third molar crowns therefore points to the 12–14 year range.
• D. At 5–6 years the dentition would be entirely primary with permanent first molars just erupting and permanent incisor crowns visible in their crypts.

Note: Rough eruption timeline for permanent teeth: 6 = first molars and central incisors; 7–8 = incisors; 9–12 = canines and premolars; 12 = second molars; 17–21 = third molars.