A non-English speaking patient is accompanied by their spouse. Tooth #17 is non-restorable. Which is NOT a recommended method for obtaining informed consent?

Correct answer: D. Patient's spouse as interpreter

• A. ❌ A dentist who speaks the patient's language is the ideal consent-taker.
• B. ❌ Certified interpreters are the gold standard when no bilingual staff are available.
• C. ❌ A bilingual staff member can serve as an interpreter for consent.
• D. ✅ Correct. — this is the EXCEPTION. Using the patient's spouse is NOT recommended: the spouse may have conflict of interest, may filter information, and lacks professional interpreter training. Certified medical interpreters are required for legally defensible consent.

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