A mother brings her 10-year-old child with Down syndrome, who is fed through a G-tube. The panoramic radiograph shows several missing teeth. What developmental condition does this patient likely have?

Correct answer: B. Oligodontia

• A. Gemination is a developmental anomaly causing one crown from one germ — it increases tooth count, not decreases.
• B. Correct. Oligodontia (congenitally missing 6 or more teeth) is strongly associated with Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The panoramic showing multiple missing teeth in a Down syndrome patient is classic for oligodontia.
• C. Amelogenesis imperfecta affects enamel quality, not tooth number.
• D. Taurodontism (enlarged pulp chambers) is also associated with Down syndrome but would not present as missing teeth.