Which hormone(s) directly affect the timing and rate of tooth eruption?

Both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormone (thyroxine/T4) play important roles in tooth eruption and dental development. Thyroxine directly promotes tooth eruption by increasing metabolic activity, stimulating bone remodeling, and accelerating dental maturation. Hypothyroidism (cretinism) causes delayed tooth eruption and abnormal root development. PTH regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism, affecting bone resorption and remodeling — processes essential for the eruptive pathway. Hypersecretion of PTH (hyperparathyroidism) causes accelerated alveolar bone resorption and can affect dental structures. Growth hormone also plays a role in dental development, but among the options given, both PTH and thyroxine are directly relevant to tooth eruption.