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Endodontics · single question

Which statement best defines apexification?

  1. Continued physiological root development in a tooth with a vital pulp
  2. Disinfection of the canal followed by induced ingrowth of stem cells from the apical papilla
  3. Induction of apical closure by hard tissue deposition in a tooth with a necrotic pulp and an open apex
  4. Surgical resection of the apical 3 mm of the root
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Induction of apical closure by hard tissue deposition in a tooth with a necrotic pulp and an open apex

  • A. This describes APEXOGENESIS, which requires a vital pulp.
  • B. This describes REVASCULARISATION or regenerative endodontics, a distinct procedure from apexification.
  • C. CORRECT. APEXIFICATION induces a calcific barrier at the open apex of a NON-VITAL immature tooth so that obturation becomes possible. The barrier is osteoid or cementoid tissue, not true root structure — the root does not grow longer and the walls do not thicken. This is why these teeth remain fracture-prone at the cervical third for life.
  • D. This describes APICOECTOMY (root-end resection), a surgical procedure.

Note: Barrier materials: calcium hydroxide over multiple visits (traditional) or an MTA/bioceramic plug in a single visit (contemporary).

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