Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disease in which T-cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells (β-cells) of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas leads to absolute insulin deficiency. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells for energy metabolism, resulting in hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and reliance on exogenous insulin. Type 2 DM, by contrast, is characterized by insulin resistance and relative (not absolute) insulin deficiency. Dental implications include increased susceptibility to infections, impaired wound healing, periodontal disease, and xerostomia.