Pathology · single question

Which muscle primarily depresses (pulls down) the tongue?

  1. Genioglossus
  2. Styloglossus
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Hyoglossus
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Correct answer: D. Hyoglossus

The hyoglossus muscle (innervated by CN XII — hypoglossal nerve) originates from the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone and inserts into the sides of the tongue. Its primary actions are to depress and retract the tongue. Genioglossus (the largest tongue muscle) primarily protrudes the tongue (sticking it out) and also depresses the central part. Styloglossus elevates and retracts the tongue. Palatoglossus elevates the posterior tongue and depresses the soft palate (it is the only tongue muscle innervated by CN X, not CN XII).

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