Periodontics · single question
Which interleukin component is most important in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by activating osteoclasts?
Show answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. IL-1β (Interleukin-1 beta)
- A. IL-13 drives allergic responses and Th2 immunity — not a primary periodontitis mediator.
- B. Correct. IL-1β is the most critical pro-inflammatory cytokine in periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative anaerobes triggers neutrophils and macrophages to release IL-1β and TNF-α. These activate osteoclasts, driving alveolar bone resorption. IL-1β also promotes MMP production (collagen breakdown) and prostaglandin E2 synthesis.
- C. IL-10 downregulates inflammation — it is protective, not pathogenic.
- D. IL-4 is anti-inflammatory (Th2 response, B-cell activation) — it is not a driver of bone destruction in periodontitis.