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Implants · single question

Which bacteria are predominantly implicated in peri-implantitis?

  1. Gram-negative anaerobes
  2. Gram-positive facultative anaerobes
  3. Gram-positive bacilli
  4. Gram-positive cocci
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Correct answer: B. Gram-positive facultative anaerobes

  • A. Incorrect. Gram-positive cocci (Streptococcus) dominate early health-associated biofilm.
  • B. Correct. Peri-implantitis is associated with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria — similar to aggressive periodontitis. Organisms include P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola (red complex).
  • C. Incorrect. Gram-positive bacilli are associated with health and early plaque.
  • D. Incorrect. Gram-positive facultative anaerobes characterize early supragingival biofilm, not peri-implantitis.

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