What is the recommended treatment for a necrotic immature permanent tooth in a young patient (open apex)?

When an immature permanent tooth has a necrotic pulp, the root is incompletely formed with an open apex (blunderbuss canal), making conventional obturation impossible. Apexification creates an artificial apical barrier using calcium hydroxide (long-term) or a single-visit MTA plug, allowing subsequent obturation. Regenerative endodontics (pulp revascularization) is now preferred in appropriate cases as it allows continued root development. Apexogenesis applies only when the pulp is VITAL (pulp preservation). Direct pulp capping is also only for vital pulps. Conventional RCT cannot be performed without an apical stop.