What is the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimen for a patient with a history of infective endocarditis who requires an invasive dental procedure?

According to the 2007 American Heart Association guidelines (and confirmed by subsequent updates), the recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis (including those with a prior history of IE) is amoxicillin 2 g orally, administered 30–60 minutes before the dental procedure. A previous dose timing of 1 hour before was widely used and remains acceptable. The dose is 2 g (not 500 mg), which is a critical detail. This regimen is for penicillin-tolerant patients; penicillin-allergic patients receive alternatives such as clindamycin 600 mg or azithromycin 500 mg.