What is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain in dental professionals?

Correct answer: B. Working in improper ergonomic positions

• A. Psychological stress contributes to physical tension but is not the primary occupational MSD cause.
• B. Poor ergonomic positioning — prolonged static postures, awkward neck/shoulder positions, improper chair/patient height — is the leading cause of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in dental professionals.
• C. Ultrasonic instruments require hand grip but are not the primary cause of MSDs.
• D. Loupes can actually improve ergonomics by allowing a more upright posture; they are not the primary cause.