Endodontics · single question

What is MOST likely to occur if calcium hydroxide is extruded beyond the apical foramen?

  1. Lip numbness
  2. Limited lip movement
  3. Immediate pulp necrosis
  4. Allergic reaction
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Correct answer: A. Lip numbness

Calcium hydroxide has a high pH (~12.5) and is caustic to neural tissue. Extrusion beyond the apex can contact the inferior alveolar nerve or mental nerve, causing lip numbness (paresthesia). Limited lip movement is neuromuscular and not typical. Pulp necrosis doesn't apply since this is extruded material.

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