Sleep apnea is associated with which complications?

Correct answer: B. Heart disease, stroke, and hypertension

• A. Kidney disease is not a primary complication of sleep apnea.
• B. Correct. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with cardiovascular complications including hypertension (most common), coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, and stroke due to repeated nocturnal hypoxia, increased sympathetic tone, and inflammatory effects.
• C. Peripheral neuropathy and foot ulcers are diabetic complications — not primarily from sleep apnea.
• D. Migraine and visual changes are not primary sleep apnea complications.