In a mandibular fracture at the ramus, which muscle pulls the proximal fragment (condylar segment) superomedially and causes displacement?

In mandibular ramus fractures, the proximal (condylar) fragment is displaced by muscle attachments. The medial pterygoid muscle, which attaches to the medial surface of the ramus, pulls the proximal fragment superomedially. The lateral pterygoid, attaching to the condylar neck and articular disc, pulls the condylar head anteromedially. The masseter and temporalis are powerful elevators that pull the posterior fragment superiorly. Understanding these muscular forces is essential for predicting fracture displacement and guiding fixation.