Gemination (attempted division of a single tooth bud into two teeth sharing one root) occurs as an anomaly in which developmental phases?

Gemination is a developmental anomaly resulting from an incomplete attempt by a single tooth bud to divide, creating a tooth with a notched bifid crown but usually a single root with a shared pulp canal. This anomaly occurs during the initiation and proliferation phases of odontogenesis, when the dental lamina invaginates and the tooth bud forms and begins to proliferate. Morphodifferentiation is associated with anomalies of tooth shape/size. Histodifferentiation involves cellular differentiation (ameloblasts, odontoblasts). Apposition involves matrix deposition. The initiating events of gemination occur when the single tooth germ attempts but fails to completely split during early proliferative growth.