Dentists are most commonly affected by which of the following work-related musculoskeletal conditions?

Research consistently shows that neck pain is the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaint among dental professionals, affecting 58 to 65% of dentists. The nature of dental work — prolonged static postures, forward head positioning, repeated bending and twisting of the neck to visualize the oral cavity, and poor ergonomic setups — places extreme stress on the cervical musculature and spine. Back pain is also extremely common (second-most prevalent, affecting 55 to 60%) and together with neck pain represents the leading occupational health concern for dentists. Shoulder pain affects approximately 40 to 45%. Ankle pain is not a significant occupational hazard for dentists.