Approximately what percentage of dental caries lesions can be detected radiographically?

Radiographs detect dental caries only after there has been sufficient mineral loss (demineralization) in the tooth structure - typically when caries has progressed through approximately 30-40% of the enamel thickness. Studies have shown that bitewing radiographs detect approximately 40-50% of interproximal caries lesions (particularly those in enamel or early dentin). Radiographs are less sensitive for early enamel caries and occlusal caries, which appear similar to sound enamel radiographically until they reach the dentin. This underscores the importance of combining clinical examination (visual, tactile, transillumination) with radiographic examination for comprehensive caries detection.