Periodontics · single question

All of the following bacteria are found in early gingivitis EXCEPT:

  1. Fusobacterium nucleatum
  2. Prevotella intermedia
  3. Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus)
  4. Enterococcus faecalis
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis is NOT a classic periodontal pathogen. It is associated with failed root canal treatments and endodontic infections — it is isolated from root canals, not from early gingivitis. Early gingivitis involves gram-positive facultative organisms initially, with a shift toward gram-negative anaerobes as disease progresses. Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella are periodontal pathogens. Enterococcus faecalis is the exception.

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