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Public Health · single question

All of the following are risk factors for dental fluorosis EXCEPT:

  1. Race/ethnicity
  2. Use of fluoridated infant formula/water during enamel formation
  3. Age (timing of exposure during tooth development)
  4. Fluoride supplements/swallowed toothpaste
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Race/ethnicity

  • A. Correct. Race is not a cause of fluorosis; fluorosis results from excess fluoride INTAKE during enamel development.
  • B. Reconstituting formula with fluoridated water can contribute to fluorosis.
  • C. Timing matters—excess fluoride during enamel formation causes fluorosis.
  • D. Supplements and swallowed toothpaste add fluoride and raise fluorosis risk.

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