A patient has a BMI of 32 (obese class I), takes albuterol (asthma), and has type 2 diabetes. Which pair of cancers is this patient at the greatest increased risk of developing?

Correct answer: C. Kidney (renal) cancer and colorectal cancer

• A. SCC and BCC of the skin are linked to UV exposure and immunosuppression, not to obesity or diabetes.
• B. Testicular cancer is actually INVERSELY associated with obesity in some studies; prostate cancer's association with obesity is complex and not the classic pairing.
• C. CORRECT — Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both independently associated with increased risk of RENAL (kidney) CELL CARCINOMA and COLORECTAL CANCER. The mechanisms include hyperinsulinemia, IGF-1 signaling, chronic inflammation, and adipokine dysregulation. <Excess body fatness increases risk of colon and rectal, liver, pancreatic, postmenopausal breast, endometrial, and renal cell cancer.
• D. Lung cancer is primarily linked to smoking, not diabetes/obesity. Breast cancer risk is elevated in postmenopausal obesity but 'lung + breast' as a pair is not the standard diabetes/obesity association.