A patient attends with a family member and does not speak the same language as the dentist. What is the MOST appropriate way to obtain the history and consent?

Correct answer: D. Use a certified medical interpreter or a certified interpretation service

• A. Consumer machine translation is not validated for clinical accuracy and is not acceptable for history taking or informed consent.
• B. Proceeding without adequate comprehension makes genuine informed consent impossible.
• C. Using a family member — especially a MINOR CHILD — is inappropriate. Children lack the vocabulary for medical terminology, may filter or soften information, and the arrangement breaches the patient's confidentiality and dignity.
• D. Correct. A CERTIFIED interpreter (in person, by telephone, or via video) is the standard of care. Certified interpreters are trained in medical terminology, bound by confidentiality, and neutral. For federally funded practices this is an obligation under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, not merely a courtesy.