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Implants · single question

A female patient who smokes 2 packs/year and takes estradiol experiences implant failure. PRIMARY risk factor?

  1. Patient age
  2. Smoking
  3. Female gender
  4. Estradiol use
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Correct answer: B. Smoking

SMOKING is the single most significant modifiable risk factor for implant failure. Nicotine impairs microvascular circulation, delays osseointegration, reduces bone healing, and increases peri-implant infection risk.

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