Pathology · single question
A biopsy shows separation of epithelial cells ABOVE the basal layer (intraepithelial/suprabasilar blistering). Positive Nikolsky sign. The MOST likely diagnosis is:
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Correct answer: C. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) — suprabasilar acantholysis
- A. Lichen planus shows T-cell infiltrate, liquefaction degeneration of basal cells, and Civatte bodies — not suprabasilar cleavage.
- B. MMP shows SUBEPITHELIAL separation (below the basal layer) — the cleavage plane is opposite to PV. Nikolsky sign may be negative or mildly positive.
- C. Correct. PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS: biopsy shows SUPRABASILAR cleavage (epithelium separates just above the basal cell layer due to destruction of desmosomes by anti-desmoglein antibodies). The basal cells remain attached to the basement membrane like a 'row of tombstones.' Nikolsky sign is POSITIVE (pressure on mucosa causes blister formation).
- D. Erythema multiforme shows full-thickness epidermal necrosis and subepidermal blistering — not suprabasilar acantholysis.