A 17-year-old male returns after 2 years. A full-mouth series of bitewings reveals only ONE interproximal carious lesion. Using CAMBRA, what is his caries risk level?

Correct answer: C. Moderate

• A. Low risk requires NO new lesions and no significant risk factors. One new lesion excludes low risk.
• B. Extreme risk is high risk PLUS xerostomia or special needs.
• C. CORRECT. Under CAMBRA, ANY cavitated or radiographically evident new lesion within the assessment interval is a disease indicator that removes the patient from the low-risk category. A single new interproximal lesion over 2 years, in the absence of multiple lesions, heavy plaque, xerostomia, or other risk factors, places the patient at MODERATE risk. Recommendation: OTC fluoride toothpaste plus a prescription-strength fluoride option, 6-month recall, and bitewings every 12–18 months.
• D. High risk requires multiple new cavitated lesions, or one lesion plus significant risk factors such as hyposalivation, frequent snacking, or appliances.

Note: CAMBRA logic: disease indicators trump everything. One lesion with no other risk factors = moderate.